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Mar. 25, 2013 ? A Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center team studying alcohol addiction has new research that might shed light on why some drinkers are more susceptible to addiction than others.
Jeff Weiner, Ph.D., professor of physiology and pharmacology at Wake Forest Baptist, and colleagues used an animal model to look at the early stages of the addiction process and focused on how individual animals responded to alcohol. Their findings may lead not only to a better understanding of addiction, but to the development of better drugs to treat the disease as well, Weiner said.
"We know that some people are much more vulnerable to alcoholism than others, just like some people have a vulnerability to cancer or heart disease," Weiner said. "We don't have a good understanding of what causes this vulnerability, and that's a big question. But if we can figure it out, we may be able to better identify people at risk, as well as gain important clues to help develop better drugs to treat the disease."
The findings are published in the March 13 issue of the Journal of Neuroscience. Weiner, who directs the Translational Studies on Early-Life Stress and Vulnerability to Alcohol Addiction project at Wake Forest Baptist, said the study protocol was developed by the first author of the paper, Karina Abrahao, a graduate student visiting from the collaborative lab of Sougza-Formigoni, Ph.D, of the Department of Psychobiology at the Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Weiner said the study model focused on how individual animals responded to alcohol. Typically, when a drug like alcohol is given to a mouse every day, the way the animals respond increases -- they become more stimulated and run around more. "In high doses, alcohol is a depressant, but in low doses, it can have a mellowing effect that results in greater activity," he said. "Those low dose effects tend to increase over time and this increase in activity in response to repeated alcohol exposure is called locomotor sensitization."
Prior studies with other drugs, such as cocaine and amphetamine, have suggested that animals that show the greatest increases in locomotor sensitization are also the animals most likely to seek out or consume these drugs. However, the relationship between locomotor sensitization and vulnerability to high levels of alcohol drinking is not as well established, Weiner said.
Usually when researchers are studying a drug, they give it to one test group while the other group gets a control solution, and then they look for behavioral differences between the two, Weiner said. But in this study, the researchers focused on individual differences in how each animal responded to the alcohol. A control group received a saline injection while another was injected with the same amount of alcohol every day for three weeks. Weiner said they used mice bred to be genetically variable like humans to make the research more relevant.
"We found large variations in the development of locomotor sensitization to alcohol in these mice, with some showing robust sensitization and others showing no more of a change in locomotor activity than control mice given daily saline injections," Weiner said. "Surprisingly, when all of the alcohol-exposed mice were given an opportunity to voluntarily drink alcohol, those that had developed sensitization drank more than those that did not. In fact, the alcohol-treated mice that failed to develop sensitization drank no more alcohol than the saline-treated control group."
The authors also conducted a series of neurobiological studies and discovered that mice that showed robust locomotor sensitization had deficits in a form of brain neuroplasticity -- how experiences reorganize neural pathways in the brain -- that has been linked with cocaine addiction in other animal models.
"We found that this loss of the ability of brain cells to change the way that they communicate with each other only occurred in the animals that showed the behavioral response to alcohol," he said. "What this suggests for the first time in the alcohol addiction field is that this particular deficit may represent an important brain correlate of vulnerability to alcoholism. It's a testable hypothesis. That's why I think it's an important finding."
Funding support for the research came from the National Institutes of Health (AA 21099, AA 17531, AA 10422 and AA 14445), Coordenadoria de Aperfeic?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES; Grant 0321-10-9), Fundac?a?o de Amparo a` Pesquisa do Estado de Sa?o Paulo (FAPESP; Grant 2008/01819-5), and Associac?a?o Fundo de Incentivo a`Pesquisa (AFIP).
The Translational Studies on Early-Life Stress and Vulnerability to Alcohol Addiction project is an NIH-funded collaborative grant which supports rodent, non-human primate and human studies investigating neurobiological mechanisms associated with vulnerability and resilience to alcohol addiction.
Co-authors include: Olusegun Ariwodola, Tracy Butler, Andrew Rau, Mary Jane Skelly, Eugenia Carter, Nancy Alexander and Brian McCool, all of Wake Forest Baptist, and Maria Lucia Formigoni of the Universidade de Sao Paulo.
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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/_N2uCTtYlAI/130325183810.htm
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Posted on25 March 2013.
We are told during our youth to ?be who you want to be.? In a world full of social stereotypes and economic step ladders, we are also told to ?dress for the job you want ? not for the job you have.? When a person?s aspirations do not match his appearance, it makes one wonder exactly how much of the interviewing process is based on physical appearance rather than qualification.
Kasarena Batiste | The Daily Cougar
The person we appear to be in the workplace is not a full version of ourselves. No one would walk into an interview dressed in street clothes, speak in slang and use profanities around superiors. Some companies believe that going into work with visible tattoos, piercings, an unusual hair style or an odd hair color can be just as off-putting as profanities or inappropriate clothing. Since they?ll be the ones paying your salary, employers have the right to finger pick through their interviewees.
?Liberal arts types of jobs are usually more lenient with those things, but when you?re in that corporate office or business atmosphere, tattoos and facial piercings are frowned upon,? said?University Career Services career counselor Reggie Toussant.
Some people disagree.
?When you?re hiring a person you need to look not at the physical parts. You have to look at their knowledge,? said accounting sophomore Anara Vakhitova said.
If people feel that they are not going to let anyone dictate what they do to their body, they do need to be aware that while some places are becoming more lenient concerning visible tattoos, other companies are still going to take issue.
As the job market becomes more crowded with viable candidate, more employers are looking past tattoos and unique piercings like biology graduate Farzana Toly?s nose piercings. Businesses like Google and Home Depot now have official policies preventing discrimination against body art. | Shaimaa Eissa/The Daily Cougar
More companies are attempting to look past physical appearances during the hiring process. There are some companies that welcome employees with body art. According to Biola University?s Career Center, such companies include Whole Foods, Hot Topic, Journeys, Home Depot, Petco, Half Price Books, Applebee?s, Best Buy, Forever 21, Target and Google.
The Great Recession is also a big point of discussion concerning tattoos in the workplace. While some places feel that with the low job opportunities, they need to be more particular with the hiring, other places feel that they need to look beyond appearances to gain a good employee.
?I would say that the recession would make people more lenient to tattoos because with the job market being so saturated, we can?t just base decisions off of image no matter what discipline you?re in. I want to hire someone who is a solid investment, not just someone who looks good on the brochure or in the office,? Toussant said.
Tattoos, piercings and unusual hair colors are another form of speech. People use their appearance to make a statement they do not feel the need to vocalize. This expression should not be penalized. People need to learn to stop judging people by their looks.
Kelly Schalfer is a creative writing sophomore and may be reached opinion@thedailycougar.com.
Source: http://uwire.com/2013/03/25/body-of-work/
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Many people are not comfortable with home improvement projects. Stories of home improvement failures may make people avoid trying. Home improvement has a bad reputation as being too difficult to deal with. This article contains lots of simple ways to make improvements on your home.
If you are working on your kitchen or bath, don?t neglect to turn off your water. You never know when you might accidentally knock something out of place!
Does your home have a deck? If so, then you need to regularly inspect its water resistance. This can be done by pouring water over it after several dry, sunny days. Immediately use water repellent if you realize it is not. Seal the deck prior to winter to avoid long-term damage.
When planning a DIY home renovation, create a step-by-step schedule. Consult with a professional builder or contractor to be sure you have left nothing out. One missed step during the planning stage can result in shoddy work which can lead to a much more costly renovation project.
Walking around and observing your home will help you spot possible home improvement options. One type of example here would be noticing air leak problems. Once leaks are detected, it is simple to reinforce or replace insulation to fix the problem.
Tile can get worn down and begin to look old. Mixing a solution of water and vinegar can create a safe solution for most flooring. This will help mop your floors effectively. This will remove dirt and grime and make your flooring look beautiful again.
As stated in the introduction, there are many people that believe that it is impossible to improve their homes. Many people are unsuccessful at making home improvements. But, the fact remains that home improvement is within most people?s grasp. All you need to do is keep the ideas and advice from this article in mind.
For more real estate info, visit: Maryland mold remediation. Now you see that home improvement is not just a walk in the park. With some in-depth research and a lot of hard work, you will be able to enjoy the fruits of your labor for years to come. When you employ the tips mention here, you can tackle those home improvement projects in no time at all.
Source: http://thompsonportraitdesign.net/enhance-your-environment-with-these-home-improvement-ideas
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$20 million has bought Apple WifiSLAM, a startup specializing in indoor location mapping. Apple confirmed the sale, but wouldn't discuss specifics or future plans. Jessica E. Lessin of the Wall Street Journal reports:
The two-year-old startup has developed ways for mobile apps to detect a phone user?s location in a building using Wi-Fi signals. It has been offering the technology to application developers for indoor mapping and new types of retail and social networking apps. The company has a handful of employees, and its co-founders include former Google software engineering intern Joseph Huang.
Their website, wifislam.com, is already down. Their YouTube account, which contains several demo videos, remains up, as does their Twitter account, though neither has been updated recently.
Apple has acquired numerous mapping-related companies over the years, including Placebase, Poly9, and C3 technologies, and used them to create features like Flyover in iOS 6 Maps. Presumably Apple will keep updating their new Maps app, both as part of iOS 7 and iOS 8, and hopefully one day de-coupled from the main firmware distribution as well. What, if any, roll WifiSLAM technology will play in that future remains unknown.
I'd settle for it being able to help me get out of CES alive. You?
Source: Wall Street Journal
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Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TheIphoneBlog/~3/f2Vn8TgbwDM/story01.htm
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JC Hobbs directs his wife Sarah as they help to pull a van and U-Haul up a hill outside Calhan, Colo. as a storm continued to bring bad weather to the Colorado Springs area Saturday, March 23, 2013. Transportation officials said Interstate 70 was closed from Denver to Colby, Kan., on Saturday. The National Weather Service said the Denver area could see up to 7 inches of snow Saturday. (AP Photo/The Colorado Springs Gazette, Michael Ciaglo) MAGS OUT
JC Hobbs directs his wife Sarah as they help to pull a van and U-Haul up a hill outside Calhan, Colo. as a storm continued to bring bad weather to the Colorado Springs area Saturday, March 23, 2013. Transportation officials said Interstate 70 was closed from Denver to Colby, Kan., on Saturday. The National Weather Service said the Denver area could see up to 7 inches of snow Saturday. (AP Photo/The Colorado Springs Gazette, Michael Ciaglo) MAGS OUT
A tractor-trailer sits on the shoulder of Interstate 70 westbound after sliding off the icy highway near Watkins, Colo., as a spring storm packing high winds and heavy snow sweeps over Colorado's Front Range and on to the eastern plains on Saturday, March 23, 2013. Forecasters predict up to a foot of snow will fall in some locations in Colorado before the storm heads toward the nation's midsection. (AP Photo/David Zalubowski)
Calhan Police Sgt. Josh Morrision stands by his car as he blocks Eastbound traffic on Highway 24 outside of Calhan, Colo. as blowing snow and slick roads closed the highway Saturday, March 23, 2013. Transportation officials said Interstate 70 was closed from Denver to Colby, Kan., on Saturday. The National Weather Service said the Denver area could see up to 7 inches of snow Saturday. (AP Photo/The Colorado Springs Gazette, Michael Ciaglo) MAGS OUT
Cars and trucks idle on southbound Interstate 25 just south of Highway 34 at the Loveland, Colo. exit Saturday, March 23, 2013 following a multi car wreck that occurred on the interstate during the snow storm. Forecasters predict up to a foot of snow will fall in some locations in Colorado before the storm heads toward the nation's midsection. (AP Photo/The Coloradoan, Rich Abrahamson)
A long line of tractor trailers sits idle along Interstate 70 eastbound near Watkins, Colo., at a roadblock to close the highway as a spring storm packing high winds and heavy snow sweeps over Colorado's Front Range and on to the eastern plains on Saturday, March 23, 2013. Forecasters predict up to a foot of snow will fall in some locations in Colorado before the storm heads toward the nation's midsection. (AP Photo/David Zalubowski)
KANSAS CITY, Mo. (AP) ? An early spring snowstorm forced the cancellation of more than 100 flights at Denver International Airport and closed several roads Saturday as it moved eastward, dumping more than a foot of snow in some places.
The snow started falling around midnight in northeast Colorado and then moved into northwest Kansas and southwest Nebraska.
Ten to 15 inches of snow had fallen by Saturday afternoon north of Interstate 70 in northwest Kansas and northeast Colorado, with another 1 to 2 inches expected in the area, said Ryan Husted, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service in Goodland, Kan., where 15 inches of snow had fallen.
The storm also dropped up to 7 inches of snow in southwestern Nebraska before tapering off Saturday afternoon, said David Pearson, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service near Omaha, Neb.
"But the wind is really blowing, so visibility in those areas is still going to be pretty low," Pearson said.
Husted said winds gusting at speeds of up to 45 mph were creating snow drifts of 2 to 3 feet in parts of Kansas, Colorado and Nebraska.
I-70 had been shut down Saturday from Denver to Colby, Kan., because of poor visibility. The northbound lanes of Interstate 25 also were closed south of Fort Collins, Colo., because of multiple accidents.
"It's a mess here," said Jerry Killingsworth, a National Weather Service meteorologist also based in Goodland, Kan. "Heavy, wet snow, tree limbs down."
At the Goodland 24/7 truck stop, truckers milled around. With roads in the area closed, they are "just waiting," said Samantha Lamb, the truck stop's assistant manager.
"Our hotel across the street from us is pretty full," Lamb said. "Our parking lot has a good 35, 40 trucks in it."
As the system moved eastward, it threatened to inconvenience fans attending the NCAA men's college basketball tournament in Kansas City.
Scott Blair, a meteorologist in Pleasant Hill, Mo., said light showers and drizzle began switching over to snow Saturday afternoon in Kansas City and western Missouri. The heaviest snowfall was expected overnight, with up to 6 inches forecast for the Kansas City metropolitan area.
"If people don't need to be out driving tomorrow that would certainly be recommended," he said.
Dan Gavitt, vice president of the NCAA men's basketball championships, said teams and officials already are onsite and that no game delays are anticipated.
"This region routinely has winter snow and has the appropriate equipment and procedures to manage these winter conditions," Gavitt said in a written statement. "We encourage fans planning to attend games to pay attention to the weather, use good judgment and follow any directions from local authorities regarding travel and weather."
North Carolina coach Roy Williams was nonplussed.
"It's no distraction, unless the roof goes off, we'll still be able to play and the whole bit like that," Williams said.
Elsewhere, some churches and other organizations were calling off events. Among them, the final game of the Emporia State baseball series with Southwest Baptist was canceled.
Denver International Airport spokesman Heath Montgomery said about 106 flights have been canceled, many of which involved commuter jets headed to nearby destinations or to mountain towns.
The Colorado Avalanche Information Center said up to a foot of new snow in the mountains could create dangerous avalanche conditions.
Colorado State Patrol troopers also spent part of Saturday working a crash near Johnstown involving a tractor-trailer that burst into flames. An estimated 20 to 50 vehicles, including four tractor-trailers, crashed or slid off the roadway in the area. The patrol said several people were hospitalized, but no fatalities have been reported.
The system will move into Illinois and Indiana overnight and into Sunday.
Meteorologist Dan Smith with the National Weather Service in Lincoln, Ill., said snowstorms aren't uncommon in early spring. The latest the area has seen snow, he said, was April 23, in 1910.
"One good thing about (the snowstorms) is it doesn't matter how much you get, it usually doesn't stick around too long because temperatures start to warm up pretty good," he said.
Farther south, tornadoes were possible in Louisiana and Mississippi, while strong winds and low humidity could lead to forest fires and wildfires in parts of New Mexico and West Texas.
___
Associated Press writers Jason Keyser in Chicago, Thomas Peipert in Denver, David Skretta in Kansas City, Mo., and Margery A. Beck in Omaha, Neb., contributed to this report.
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AUSTIN, Texas ? Minnesota coach Tubby Smith got the win he needed to calm down his critics at home. UCLA's Ben Howland took a loss that will only ignite a new round of howling for his job out West.
Andre Hollins scored 28 points and Minnesota rolled past punchless UCLA 83-63 on Friday night in the second round of the NCAA tournament, giving Smith his first tournament win in six seasons with the Gophers.
Austin Hollins scored 16 for the 11th-seeded Gophers (21-12), who earned their first win since March 2 and advanced to Sunday's third round against No. 3 seed Florida in the South Regional.
"My teammates believe in me, they know I can hit the shots," Andre Hollins said. "Tonight I hit the shots."
The 20-point loss will be tough for Howland to bring back to Los Angeles. Despite winning the Pac-12 regular-season title, the Bruins (25-10) came to Austin hearing intense rumblings of dissatisfaction with a program that hasn't made it past the first weekend of the NCAA tournament since 2009. UCLA missed the tournament altogether last season.
Howland, who led the Bruins to three consecutive Final Fours from 2006-08, wouldn't talk about his future after the game.
"I'm really proud of this group of kids, and I'm really indebted to them for the great season they provided," he said.
Even the conference title was dampened, however, when Jordan Adams, whom Howland described as his team's best all-around player, was lost to a broken ankle in the Pac-12 tournament.
The injury seemed to infect the entire UCLA offense and the Bruins never looked to have the fight to beat the Gophers, who delivered on their reputation as tough team molded by season-long battles in the Big Ten.
"We were obviously short-handed," Howland said. "You could see that our guys wore down physically."
Smith had faced his own pressures from Minnesota fans. The Gophers started the season 15-1, then lost 11 of their final 16 to limp into the NCAA tournament.
They found their early-season form in time to thump the Bruins. Minnesota shot 50 percent, with Andre and Austin Hollins knocking down a combined nine 3-pointers. The Gophers had seized control by halftime and never let go.
"We haven't played well in a while," Smith said. "It was good to see our guys having fun, playing the right way, sharing the basketball, taking care of the basketball."
The Bruins clearly missed Adams.
UCLA looked disjointed on offense and freshman Shabazz Muhammad, expected to leave for the NBA, missed all seven of his shots in the first half. Muhammad finished with 20 points, but his teammates often looked for other options and most of his scoring came in a desperate rally that never really got close.
"I thought we were prepared," Muhammad said. "They came out and jumped on us early and they really played well."
UCLA also got into foul trouble when forwards Travis Wear and Tony Parker both picked up three in the first half. That robbed the Bruins of some much-needed muscle under the basket against the physical Gophers.
Austin Hollins scored 11 in the first half and his third 3-pointer pushed the Gophers to a 33-19 lead. UCLA pulled to 35-25 by halftime.
Muhammad got more involved in the second with seven quick points and UCLA pulled within five when Norman Powell made a 3-pointer. The Gophers responded with consecutive 3-pointers from Andre Hollins from opposite corners to push the lead back to 11.
Every time UCLA made a move, the Gophers found a way to push the Bruins back and were never in danger of losing the lead. UCLA's last threat came when Muhammad scored four consecutive points, including a fast-break dunk that cut the lead to eight with about nine minutes to play.
The Gophers responded with a 16-5 run ? punctuated by Andre Hollins' last 3-pointer ? to make it 73-54.
"A lot of people were doubting us," Gophers forward Rodney Williams said. "We know how good we are."
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